1. Be able to diagram and label 1 cycle of a sinusoid (a.k.a. sinewave). Use diagrams to explain the physical measures of frequency (Hertz) and amplitude (Decibel).

2. Be able to diagram/explain the sequence from a pressure wave entering the auditory canal to the bending of a hair cell.

3. Consider the case of a 1000 Hz sound signal. Be able to describe, compare, and contrast how this signal is transmitted by the basilar membrane according to a frequency/volley explanation and a place explanation.

4. What is a click-induced otoacoustic emission? How does this happen? How can we use this emission to diagnose hearing loss? What is a spontaneous otoacoustic emission? What do these otoacoustic emissions tell us about the basilar membrane?

5. What is an equal loudness contour? How are they produced? Be able to describe/draw an equal loudness contour (and don't forget to label/explain the axes). Functionally, what does this contour tell us about hearing?

6. What is an equal pitch contour? How are they produced? Be able to describe/draw an equal pitch contour (and don't forget to label/explain the axes). Functionally, what does this contour tell us about hearing?

7. Is the decibel scale a psychological scale of loudness? Explain why and why not. Why don't we have a purely psychological scale of loudness?

9. What are the 3 dimensions of a musical note? Differentiate between the physical and psychological descriptions.

10. The psychological scale for musical notes has the shape of a helix. Be able to draw and label the helix. Be able to explain why it has that shape.

11. A "Shepard note" was designed by Roger Shepard to have a peculiar property. Explain the structure of a Shepard note. What is the musical illusion that Shepard notes produce? Why does this happen?

12. Explain how interaural intensity differences contribute to localization of sounds. Does this work with all frequencies? Explain why or why not.

13. Explain how interaural time differences contribute to localization of sounds. Does this work with alll frequencies? Explain why or why not.

14. Explain when and why someone would have difficulty discriminating between a sound located at 0 and at 180 degrees. Explain why moving your head makes localizing a sound easier.

15. Describe the Stevens and Newman experiment. What do the results suggest for human hearing?