1. The classical conditioning approach is built on the reflex concept, from Descartes.  The operant conditioning approach is built on the Darwinian approach.  What are similarities and differences?

2. Understand Thorndike's "Puzzle Box" experiments. Why did he do them? What did he find? How did he interpret the results? Do cats and humans solve puzzles the same way?

3. Understand the fundamental approach of a Law of Effect. What analysis do you do to explain why some one responds in a particular way according to a Law of Effect analysis?

4. What was Watson's explanation of Thorndike's results? What are his views about the Law of Effect? What does he suggest to do to produce a change in behavior?

5. What was Guthrie's explanation of Thorndike's results? What are his views about the Law of Effect? What does he suggest to do to produce a change in behavior?

6. Understand Hull's "need-drive reduction" explanation of the Law of Effect. How does he explain how to pick a reward?

7. What was Harlow's procedure in his mother-love experiments? Why are Harlow's mother-love experiments interpreted as contradicting Hull's approach?

8. What is the difference between a primary reward and a secondary reward, according to Hull? How can smoking cigarettes become a reward according to Hull?

9. Understand Meehl's approach to the Law of Effect and the concept of "transituationality." How does he explain how to pick a reward?

10. Understand Skinner's "empirical" approach to the Law of Effect. How is it different from Hull and Meehl?

11. Know the sequence of analysis that we used to classify the occurrence of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment, according to Skinner.

12. Review the "label the effect" examples on the web site. They will be easy to classify, knowing the Empirical Law of Effect.

13. Be able to identify the occurrence or nonoccurrence of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment from descriptions of concrete situations using the Skinner approach.

14. Imagine that we wanted to increase the amount of reading done by a teenager. What advice would be given by Thorndike, Hull, Meehl, Skinner, and Guthrie?