Psychology 3214

Psychology 3214 Learning Calendar of Topics and Class Materials - Fall 2023
Classical Conditioning: Basics
Aug	21	M	Course Description & Requirements
	*	*	What is a reflex? -------------------------------------------------------------- The Issue of Continuity among Creatures A cat feeling harassed? A horse doing math? A parrot that understands language? Talk therapy for your pet? Koko's strange request -------------------------------------------------------------- Descartes: Inventor of the term Reflex (1596 - 1650) Human vs. Nonhuman Descartes Philosophy A walk through the gardens The mixed nature of humankind Mind and body Pineal gland in action -------------------------------------------------------------- Marshall Hall: Definition of Reflex (1790 - 1857) Brain vs. Spinal Cord Voluntary vs. Involuntary Response Distinction Reflex Definition -- #1 -------------------------------------------------------------- Another Definition of Reflex: Predictable Relationship Ivan Sechenov Sechenov's Approach Pavlov's Definition of Reflex - Predictable Relationship B. F. Skinner (1931) Definition of Reflex - Correlation Reflex Definition -- #2 -------------------------------------------------------------- Summary of Two Definitions of Reflex
	*	*	The Classical Conditioning Effect Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849 - 1936) Pavlov in surgery Pavlov is awarded Nobel Prize Pavlov's Special Lab Pavlov in Lab Dog in apparatus Kymograph Records The issue of "Psychic Secretions" vs "Psychic Reflexes" -------------------------------------------------------------- Label Classical Conditioning Exercise -------------------------------------------------------------- Human Digestive System The case of Alexis St. Martin -&- William Beaumont RadioLab podcast on Beaumont and St. Martin The Pavlov Institute of Physiology Pictures of Pavlov's Dogs [trivia] Pavlov's Steak [humor] Pavlov's Brother
	*	*	Acquisition of the Effect Eyeblink Conditioning -------------------------------------------------------------- Basic Procedures (Variation 1) Basic Procedures (Variation 2) Delay vs Trace (Variation 1) Delay vs Trace (Variation 2) -------------------------------------------------------------- Label Acquisition Procedure Exercise -------------------------------------------------------------- Bad CC Diagram
	*	*	Extinction of the Effect Spontaneous Recovery Effect (Rescorla, 2004) Rapid Reacquisition Latent Inhibition Effect Renewal Effect -------------------------------------------------------------- Rat in Classical Conditioning Procedure
	*	*	Inhibition Table of Contents from Pavlov (1927) Differential Conditioning Summary of 4 Extinction Effects
	*	*	Watson & Rayner (1920) Questions to focus on while reading Watson & Rayner -------------------------------------------------------------- John B. Watson -- Why is he famous? John B. Watson (1878 - 1958) Biographical Info On John B. Watson JBW's House JBW at Furman Watson and Rayner -------------------------------------------------------------- What is the effect of other stimuli? Generalization Gradient -- How to interpret and why it is important -------------------------------------------------------------- What happened to Little Albert? Current views -------------------------------------------------------------- Mary Cover Jones Jones (1924) - Elimination of Children's Fears
*	*	*	Application assignment #1 John B. Watson moves to Advertising -- More Classical Conditioning Example Ads: Old Style vs. New Style
			Application Assignment #1 Apply Classical Conditioning Analysis to Example Case
Sep	13	W	Discussion of Application Assignment
Sep	15	F	Question & Answer - Review [ Study Guide ]
Sep	18	M	Test 1
			Test 1 Results
Classical Conditioning: Modern Work & Explanations
	*	*	Pavlov's Cortical Explanation Table of Contents from Pavlov (1927) Summary Analysis of the classical conditioning effect --------------------------------------------------------------- Lecture 17 & the Shenger-Krestovnikova Experiment - (What does "Experimental Neurosis" effect tell us?) -------------------------------------------------------------- J. Hughlings Jackson Homunculus
	*	*	What makes a good CS? -------------------------------------------------------------- Pavlov Analysis of the effect -------------------------------------------------------------- Robert Rescorla Contiguity vs. Contingency in basic conditioning procedure Rescorla experimental procedure Practice exercise with Contiguity vs Contingency analysis --------------------------------------------------------------
	*	*	What makes a good UCS? Pavlov's Answer - Biological Potency the Blocking Effect & Kamin's Answer Blocking Effect - Lecture Summary Blocking Effect Results - Summary -------------------------------------------------------------- Leo Kamin & Harvard in the 1950s - Kamin's Account
	*	*	Prediction of Conditioning Effects Rescorla - Wagner Model Rescorla - Wagner Model Acquisition Process (So you want to be a CS, Laddie?) Rescorla - Wagner Model Summary
	*	*	Rescorla - Wagner Model Successes & Failures Rescorla - Wagner Model - Extinction & Latent Inhibition Summary
	*	*	Prediction of the Conditioned Response Solomon's Opponent Process Model Solomon, Kamin, & Wynne apparatus Hedonic changes with experience #1 #2 #3 General Pattern of Response Dynamics of Pattern - Early Dynamics of Pattern - Many Encounters Early vs. Late Opponent Process Model Summary -------------------------------------------------------------- Homeostasis -- The active body attempts to maintain the 'optimal' state W B Cannon - Wisdom of the Body Example -- Body Temperature Regulation -------------------------------------------------------------- Prediction of Tolerance, Craving, and Withdrawal Shepard Siegel Opponent responses in heroin use Siegel & Ellsworth (1986) -- The Siegel, Hinson, Krank & McCully (1982) Experiment -- Title page of the experiment Results of the experiment Application assignment #2 -------------------------------------------------------------- Reminder -- Analysis of the Classical Conditioning effect according to Pavlov Karl Zener Zener Cards Shuttle Box Apparatus
			Other "opponent process" cases Rebound headaches Nasal Spray addiction Tachyphylaxis Rebound Effects Prozac "poop out" The story of someone who is Addicted to Coke (of the Diet Coke variety) Application Assignment #2 Your analysis problem of the person who is addicted to Coke
Oct	16	M	FALL BREAK
Oct	18	W	Discussion of Assignment #2
Oct	20	F	Question & Answer - Review [ Study Guide ]
Oct	23	M	Test 2
			Test 2 Results
Operant Conditioning: "Law of Effect" Basics
	*	*	Thorndike introduces the Law of Effect Charles Darwin - Voyage of the Beagle Continuity Among Species - Darwin's Finches Comparative Psychology - George Romanes argues by Anecdote Edward Lee Thorndike tests the mental continuity argument Example Puzzle Box More Actual Puzzle Boxes Actual Learning Curve Thorndike's Law of Effect -------------------------------------------------------- Summary of Darwin's Theory of Evolution Relationship of Theory of Evolution to Law of Effect -------------------------------------------------------- A short, fun, and useful read... Introduction to Animal Intelligence by E. L. Thorndike -------------------------------------------------------- Complex behavior does not mean a complex brain Building a spider web -------------------------------------------------------- Thorndike and Connectionism Neural Nets, Machine Learning, and the New Connectionism -------------------------------------------------------- William James - 1865
	*	*	Alternative explanations of the Puzzle Box results J. B. Watson -- Watson's alternative analysis of Thorndike's Puzzle Box results Guthrie and Horton Puzzle Box Cat B Cat G Edwin Guthrie's alternative Textbook: 325-326 -------------------------------------------------------- Modern Version of Guthrie (with a smidgen of Skinner) BJ Fogg "Tiny Habits" Video Here
	*	*	Three approaches to a "Law of Effect" Hull - Drive reduction (Need--Drive Hypothesis) S-R Diagram and Label Terms Example Postulate Summary of Hull Need-Drive Theory
	*	*	A Problem for Hull - Harry Harlow Harlow's General Procedures Harlow's Results Harlow (1958) Fig. 5 Harlow (1958) Fig. 6 Another Problem for Hull? Meehl - Transituational Law of Effect - Meehl (1950) Meehl - Summary of Analysis Meehl - How to use the Law of Effect Textbook:
	*	*	Skinner - Empirical Law of Effect (1904 - 1990) -------------------------------------------------------- Positive Reinforcement Tutorial Negative Reinforcement University Skinner (1953) - Empirical Law of Effect Example circularity problem Brief biography of Skinner by his daughter Another biography of Skinner by Howard Rachlin Skinner In His Own Words Textbook: 213-232
	*	*	Empirical Law of Effect Exercises Label the effect #1 Label the effect #2 Label the effect #3 Label the effect #4 Label the effect #5 Label the effect #6 Label the effect #7 Label the effect #8 Label the effect #9 Label the effect #10 -------------------------------------------------------- Summary of Empirical Law of Effect Analysis -------------------------------------------------------- Nutraloaf: Food as a punisher? *Application assignment #3*
	*	*	*Application assignment due*
Nov	8	W	Question & Answer - Review [ Study Guide ]
Nov	10	F	Test 3
			Test 3 Results
Operant Conditioning: Modern Work & Theory
*	*	*	Origin of New Responses Skinner - Shaping by successive approximations Girl with Violin Skinner's Minnesota Lab Pigeons Playing Ping Pong Operant Conditioning Chamber -------------------------------------------------------------- Skinner Shaping a Response [Warning: 6 Mb file] Training Rats as Bomb Detectors (The Video) Pouched Rat at Work Charles Mingus Trains a Cat to Use a Toilet Panhandle Story Skinner (1951) How to Teach Animals --------------------------------------------------------------
	*	*	Reinforcement schedules Operant Chamber Operation of a Cumulative Recorder Real Cumulative Recorder Bank of Cumulative Recorders --------------------------------------------- Development of Skinner's Operant Chamber Skinner (1956) - Figure 5 Skinner (1956) - Figure 8 Skinner (1956) - Figure 12 --------------------------------------------- Skinner (1956) - A Case History in Scientific Method ---------------------------------------------
	*	*	Reinforcement schedules - Summary 4 Schedule Performances --------------------------------------------- Fish Hunter Games Game Table Here Game Demo Here Another Game Demo Here How to Play Here Article on Fish Hunter Games Here Article on Hooked Player Here --------------------------------------------- Nir Eyal - What makes Technonology so Habit-Forming? Video Here Verbal Description Here Summary of "Hooked" Here --------------------------------------------- KMS at Harrah's ---------------------------------------------
	*	*	Reinforcer "Value" - I Pigeon in Operant Chamber Multiple Schedules - Behavioral Contrast
			Reinforcer "Value" - II Concurrent schedules Matching effect vs. Matching Law Richard Herrnstein (left) and James Q. Wilson Herrnstein (1961) Results
			Reinforcer "Value" - III Temporal Discounting & Self-Control Howard Rachlin Temporal Discounting Function Self-Control Problem Self Control Problem 2
	*	*	Into the future... Premack Approach to the Law of Effect Premack's RunDrink Apparatus Premack: Reward and Punishment vs Freedom Premack Summary Premack Reinforcement Principle Textbook: 279-281
	*	*	Premack's Analysis of Punishment Both Premack Principles
	*	*	Not too hot and not too cold approach Back to considering what the baseline tells us-- It is all how you set up the contingency-- Timberlake Disequilibrium Model
			Classical vs. Operant - Identifying & Interactions Breland & Breland (1961) IQ Zoo The Tic-Tac-Toe Chicken BFS vs the Chicken Handshaping vs. Autoshaping Long Box Autoshaping Negative Autoshaping Why is the child crying?
Nov	22	W	Thanksgiving Break
Nov	24	F	Thanksgiving Break
Nov	27	M	Application # 3 due
Nov	29	W
Dec	1	F	Questions & Answers - Review [ Study Guide ]
Dec	4	M	Test 4
			Test 4 Results
Dec	6	W	Discuss Optional Comprehensive Final Exam -- Details -- Q&A Final Exam: Friday, 12/8 -- 11:00